Chapter 2: The Properties of Matter
Section 1: What Is Matter?: Vocabulary:
1. matter- anything that has mass and takes up space
2. volume- a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space
3 meniscus- the curve at the surface of as liquid
4. mass- a measure of the amount of matter in an object
5. wieght- a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
6. inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
2. volume- a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space
3 meniscus- the curve at the surface of as liquid
4. mass- a measure of the amount of matter in an object
5. wieght- a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
6. inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
Section 1: What Is Matter?
This section was all about matter and volume and the different ways to measure it. Matter is anything that takes up space and volume is the amount of space taken up by an object. Volume is expressed in liters and milliliters. You often use a graduated cylinder to find the volume of liquids. Graduated cylinders are used to measure the liquid volume when accuracy is important. To measure the volume of most liquids, such as water, you must look at the bottom of the meniscus. The volume of any solid object is expressed in cubic units. In science, cubic meters and cubic centimeters are the units most often used to express the volume of solid things. There are formulas to find volume of regularly shaped objects. You can measure the volume of a solid object by measuring the volume of the water that the object displaces. The mass of an object is the same no matter where in the universe the object located. The only way to change the amount of matter that makes up the object. Gravitational force keeps objects on Earth from floating into space. The gravitational force between an object and the Earth depends on the objects mass. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram, but mass is often expressed in grams and milligrams.
Section 2: Physical Properties: Vocabulary:
1. physical properties - can be observed or measured without changing the matter's identity
2. density - the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.
3. physical change - a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
2. density - the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.
3. physical change - a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
Section 2: Physical Properties
Section 2 was all about physical properties. Some examples of physical properties are magnetism the the ability to conduct electric currant, strength, and flexibility, can help someone identify how to use a substance. Density is a physical that describes the relationship between mass and volume. There are six liquids in the graduated cylinder. The densest layer is at the bottom. Knowing the density of a substance can also tell you if the substance will float or sink in water. If the density of an object is less than the density of water, the object will float. To find an object's density first measure it mass and volume. Density is useful physical property for identifying substances. Physical changes do not form new substances. Freezing water to make ice cubes and sanding a piece of wood are examples of physical changes. Physical changes do not change the identity of matter involved.
Section 3: Chemical Properties: Vocabulary
1. chemical property - describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has different properties
2. chemical change - happens when one or more substances are changed into new substancess that have new and different properties.
2. chemical change - happens when one or more substances are changed into new substancess that have new and different properties.
Section 3: Chemical Properties
This section was all about chemical properties and how they can change. Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn. Ash and smoke can not burn, so they have the chemical property of nonflammability. Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substance. You can observe physical properties without changing the identity. The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are characteristic properties. They are always the same. Scientists rely on characteristic properties to identify and classify substances.
Chemical changes are the process by while chemical changes will happen.
Chemical changes are the process by while chemical changes will happen.